Papers - CULLEN Brian
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Song Dictation International journal
Brian Cullen
The Internet TESL Journal 5 ( 11 ) 1 - 4 1999.11
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：iTESLj
This article describes a simple dictation activity for the EFL classroom using song lyrics as the primary text. The motivational effects and other benefits of using songs are presented along with several examples.
Other Link： http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Cullen-SongDictation.html
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Songs in the Discussion Classroom
Brian Cullen
Aston University 1 - 52 1999.08
Language：English Publishing type：Master’s thesis
This paper examines the use of songs in the foreign language discussion classroom. It aims to demonstrate that songs can be a powerful pedagogic tool in discussion and to establish a framework for the design of materials which incorporate songs.
The use of appropriate music in the classroom has motivational effects for most learners. In addition, music has strong physiological effects and the resulting affect can positively influence cognition. Music may also encourage greater use of the right hemisphere of the brain and lead to a more holistic approach which increases the rate of language acquisition. The text of songs offers the advantages of authenticity and its features make it easily understandable to language learners. The universal themes enable it to to lead into almost any discussion topic and the personal perspective of the song participants direct it towards the central issues of the topic.
In order to identify the meanings which are available for discussion, a model of meanings
in music and song is developed by drawing on work from psychology and musicology. The meaning in music and song is influenced by four factors - musical structure, social context, physiological nature and cognitive nature. These interact to form meanings in the mind of the listener. These meanings can be grouped into three types - representation of external meanings, expression of emotions and musical meanings. The large variety of meanings or possible interpretations of a song is seen as a positive rather than a negative point in the discussion classroom where their statement and resolution can produce a rich interchange of views.The four factors which influence these meanings are explored in detail and extensive examples of how they may be realized in discussion tasks are given.
Moving from theory to practice, a framework for incorporating these discussion tasks into
coherent materials is presented. Various options for presentation, comprehension, exploitation and
discussion of the song are examined. These are illustrated with reference to a sample set of
materials. In this way, teachers can easily produce their own materials. Songs can also be employed to encourage students to produce discussion materials. This can lead to greater learner autonomy and considerable learning outside the classroom as well as providing opportunities for teacher development.
The paper concludes by reiterating the powerful role that songs can play in language
acquisition in the discussion classroom and outlining some possibilities for further research. -
Student Recordings in Oral Communication Assessment
the Chukyo University Kiyo 1999.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
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Songs in Learner-Designed Materials
Brian Cullen
Between the Keys 7 ( 2 ) 4 - 18 1999.04
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：The Japan Association for Language Teaching
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Meanings in Song : A Model for EFL Material Design
Brian Cullen
On Cue 7 ( 1 ) 3 - 7 1999.04
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：The Japan Association for Language Teaching
This article examines the meanings which emerges from songs using a multiple perspective framework including sociological meanings, physiological meanings, personal meanings, and associative meanings. It shows how all of these meanings can be utilized in the creation of motivational discussion tasks.
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Student Recordings in Oral Communication Assessment
Brian Cullen
Chukyo University Bulletin 11 ( 1 ) 17 - 25 1999.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
This article presents the results of a research study carried out at a Japanese senior high school which aimed to investigate the benefits of having students carrying out oral communication tasks in the form of audio recordings.
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Book Review: Oxford Bookworms Factfiles: Ireland
Brian Cullen
The Language Teacher 23 ( 10 ) 46 - 47 1999.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：The Japan Association for Language Teaching
This short book review examines one of the recent books from the Oxford Factfile series which focuses on Ireland.
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A Study into Brainstorming Before Speaking Tasks
Brian Cullen
Chukyo University Bulletin 12 ( 1 ) 71 - 80 1998.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
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Brainstorming Before Speaking Tasks International journal
Brian Cullen
The Internet TESL Journal 4 ( 7 ) 12 - 20 1998.04
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：iTESLj
An article exploring the impact of carrying out a brainstorming activity on the type of language produced in EFL speaking tasks.
Other Link： http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Cullen-Brainstorming/
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Music and Song in Discussion International journal
Brian Cullen
The Internet TESL Journal 4 ( 10 ) 6 - 9 1998.04
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：iTESLj
This article offers possibilities for the integration of music and song into discussion activities in the EFL classroom. It also suggests how students can be involved in the materials creation process.
Other Link： http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Cullen-Music.html
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Technical English in Japanese Universities: ESP or Diversity?
Aichi University of Education Bulletin 51 105 - 111 1997.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic) Publisher：Aichi University of Education
When ESP (English for Specific Purposes) began to change teaching styles in the 1960s, it was assumed that English courses at universities would become more and more subject-specific in order to take account of the needs of individual groups of students.
Despite this world-wide trend, teaching of technical English and other varieties of specific English has never really been fully developed in Japanese universities.
In this paper, we would like to investigate to what degree specificity can be increased, with particular reference to technical English provision at one Japanese university and to a questionnaire given to teachers involved with these classes. We show that greater specificity can only be successfully be achieved if the diverse needs and aims of both students and teachers are carefully considered, assisted by the development of dedicated course book material. -
A Case for Using Japanese in College English Classes
Brian Cullen
On Cue 9 ( 3 ) 4 - 9 1997.04
Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
This paper describes a study which attempts to establish guidelines and parameters for the use of Japanese in EFL classes (English as a foreign language).
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Impressions and Thoughts of Oral Communication
Brian Cullen
Doho Tsushin 6 - 7 1995.07
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Doho High School
This article discusses oral communication at a Japanese senior high school.
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Utilizing Computers to Optimize Retaining Wall Design Reviewed
Brian Cullen
Trinity College Dublin 1 - 75 1991.06
Language：English Publishing type：Thesis (other)
